EL PRESENTE SIMPLE

EN INGLES

El presente simple, también llamado del indicativo, es el tiempo verbal más simple del inglés. Se suele utilizar para hablar sobre hechos que constituyen hábitos o costumbres.

Se forma con la forma base del verbo del infinitivo. Este infinitivo consta de dos partículas: to y la forma base del verbo, así, por ejemplo, to eat es un infinitivo que significa comer.

Conozcamos en la siguiente tabla el presente del indicativo:

Conjugación Inglés / Español
1ª per. singular I work / yo trabajo
2ª per. singular you work/ tú trabajas
3ª per. singular he works
she works
It works / él trabaja
ella trabaja (para objetos)

1ª per. plural we work nosotros/as trabajamos
2ª per. plural you work vosotros/as trabajais
3ª per. plural they work ellos/as trabajan

La única dificultad escriba, como de costumbre, en la 3ª persona del singular; de hecho, esta 3ª persona es especial a la hora de conjugar verbos. Como regla general se añade s, aunque veremos que existen algunas excepciones.

Usos del presente simple
Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.

The Sun warms the atmosphere. -> El Sol calienta la armósfera.
También usamos el presente simple para hablar de hábitos; en este caso, en la oración suele aparecer expresiones de frecuencia, como usually o always.

We play tennis usually. -> Nosotros jugamos al tenis ocasionalmente.
You study always. -> Vosotros estudiais siempre.
Tambien lo usamos para expresar horarior o programas (como el programa de un espectáculo teatral).

The train leaves in an hour. -> El tren llega en una hora.
Reglas ortográficas para la 3ª persona del singular
Como regla general, a la forma verbal de la 3ª persona del singular se le añade s; no obstante, existen unas cuantas reglas para una serie de formas verbales que son especiales:

1.- Cuando el verbo acaba ya en s, o en un sonido parecido como sh, ch o x:
watch; watches (mirar) dash; dashes (arrojar)

2.- Cuando el verbo acaba en o, también se añade es:
go; goes (ir) do; does (hacer)

3.- Cuando el verbo acaba en y, y a ésta le precede una consonante, tenemos que cambiar la y por i, para a continuación añadir es:

fly; flies (volar) study; studies (estudiar)
Observa que estas reglas ortográficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar el plural. También son las que se usan para formar otros tiempos verbales, por lo que una vez que las aprendas tendrás mucho ganado.

EL PASADO SIMPLE

EN INGLES

Esta forma verbal del inglés es un poco más complicada, porque ya obliga a asimilar otros aspectos que son más abstractos, como los verbos irregulares por ejemplo.

El presente simple se suele utilizar para referirnos a acciones que tuvieron lugar en un momento concreto del pasado. En este caso se utilizan partículas como yesterday (ayer) o last year (el pasado año).

She finished school last year ; Acabó el colegio el pasado año.

También se utiliza el pasado para acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado y que han finalizado, aunque no se mencione el momento preciso.

Who wrote that letter?; ¿Quién escribió esta carta?

Para formar el pasado debemos poner el verbo en su forma pasada, y es aquí donde viene la difilcultad. Lo primero, tenemos que distinguir dos clases de verbos: los regulares y los irregulares. Nos centraremos en los regulares.

Reglas para los verbos regulares
Los verbos regulares, para pasarlos al pasado, tienen que acabar en -ed. Esto como regla general, porque existen las ecepciones que veremos enseguida.

to listen (escuchar); listened
Solo tenemos que añadir la d cuando el verbo ya acaba en e.

to change (cambiar); changed
Si la última vocal del verbo está formada por consonante-vocal-consonante, y es en esta última consonante donde recae el acento, tenemos que doblar dicha consonante. También si el verbo acaba en l tenemos que doblarla.
to stop (parar); stopped
to travel (viajar); travelled

Negación e interrogación del pasado simple
Para formar las preguntas en el pasado simple nos tenemos que valer del auxiliar to do en su forma pasada, que es did para todas las personas de la conjugación. Los verbos que no necesitan auxiliar, como to have, se utilizará nen pasado (son irregulares).

Did you go to the party?; ¿Fuistes a la fiesta?
Como se aprecia en el ejemplo, el verbo está en presente. Esto es así porque el auxiliar es el que indica el pasado, con lo que el verbo principal se pone en presente. Esto hay que tenerlo muy en cuenta.

Para negar también utilizamos el auxiliar to do en su forma pasada., acompañándolo con el verbo principal en presente. El verbo auxiliar se contrae con la partícula not.

I didn´t go to the party; No fui a la fiesta.

1. Simple Past de los verbos irregulares - I went to the cinema last night

1.1. Veamos un ejemplo con el Simple Past del verbo irregular to go:

I went to the cinema last night
Yo fui al cine anoche

Como en los verbos regulares, la conjugación es muy sencilla ya que la forma del verbo es la misma para todas las personas.

You went to the cinema
Tú fuiste al cine

He went to the cinema
Él fue al cine

She went to the cinema
Ella fue al cine

We went to the cinema
Nosotros fuimos al cine

You went to the cinema
Vosotros fuisteis al cine

They went to the cinema
Ellos fueron al cine

1.2. Ejemplos de frases en Simple past con verbos irregulares

I began to work here in 1978
Empecé a trabajar aquí en 1978

He broke his leg skiing
El se rompió la pierna esquiando

She bought her car last week
Ella se compró el coche la semana pasada

We drank champagne and ate caviar
Bebimos champán y comimos caviar

They flew to Paris with Iberia
Volaron a París con Iberia

He gave her a diamond ring
Él le dio a ella un anillo de brillantes

They left a little before midnight
Salieron un poco antes de medianoche

I saw that film three weeks ago
Vi esa película hace tres semanas

He sat in the corner and slept
Él se sentó en el rincón y durmió

She spoke to me about it yesterday
Ella me habló de ello ayer

I told her not to worry
Le dije a ella que no se preocupara

They wrote to say thank you
Escribieron para dar las gracias

Ejemplos de frases en simple past forma negativa

They did not write to say thank you

She did not speak to me about it yesterday

notece como en estas frases se utiliza el auxiliar DID + NOT y el verbo principal en su forma de infinitivo

Ejemplos de frases en simple past forma interrogativa

Did you see that film three weeks ago?

Did he go to the cinema?

Notece como en estas frases al utilizar el auxiliar para interrogar el verbo toma su forma infinitiva

Ejercicio usando pasado simple

She (travel) .................... by train to London.

She (cut) .................... the lettuce with a knife.

The film (be) .................... boring.

The president (speak) .................... very slow during the conference.

Sarah (sing) .................... perfectly in the concert.

Peter (decide) .................... to paint the house blue.

My mother (have) .................... her birthday party last night.

The lawyer (try) .................... to convince the jury.

My dog (bite) .................... Ann in her leg.

I (meet) .................... John at the old restaurant last week.
Charles (water) .................... the garden the last weekend.

The children (watch) .................... TV the whole day yesterday.

Susan (leave) .................... the house early at night.

The burglars (break) .................... the window with a hammer.

Clara (make) .................... a beautiful dress for her sister.

The students (know) .................... all the answers of the exam.

W. Shakespeare (write) .................... several novels.

We (stay) .................... at home because the weather was bad.

I (invite) .................... Thomas and his wife to my wedding.

My mother (suggest) .................. going to the cinema.

Nota: realizar estos ejercicios y los del archivo anterior a este para ser más eficaces si tienen alguna duda dejar comentario para asi aclararla.

Don't Cry Guns N' Roses Lyrics Talk to me ________ There's something in your eyes Don't hang your ________ in sorrow And please don't _____ I know how you feel inside I've I've been there ________ ____________ changing inside you And don't you know Don't you ________ tonight I still love you baby Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry _________ There's a heaven above you baby And don't you _______ tonight Give me a whisper And ______ me a sigh Give me a kiss before you tell me ___________ Don't you take it so hard now And please don't take it so _________ I'll still be thinking of you And the ________ we had...baby And don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight Don't you cry tonight There's a ________ above you baby And don't you cry And please remember that I never lied And please _______ how I felt inside now honey You got to make it your own way But you'll be __________ now sugar You'll feel better tomorrow Come the __________ light now baby And don't you ________ tonight And don't you cry __________ And don't you cry tonight There's a ___________ above you baby And don't you cry Don't you ever cry Don't you cry _________ Baby maybe someday Don't you cry Don't you ever cry Don't you cry ______________

SEPTIMO Don`t cry (listening practice)

Guia de trabajo Past Simple and Past continuous grado 7

INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA

MARCO FIDEL SUAREZ

LA DORADA (CALDAS)

GUIA DE TRABAJO
LENGUA EXTRANJERA
Simple Past

FORM Simple Past[VERB+ed]EXAMPLES:I visited my friends.I often visited my friends.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with only one part such as Simple Past (visited), adverbs usually come before the verb (often visited). Please remember this is different from verbs with more than one part such as Present Continuous.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.EXAMPLES:I saw a movie yesterday.I didn't see a movie yesterday.Last year, I traveled to Japan.Last year, I didn't travel to Japan.She washed her car.She didn't wash her car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...EXAMPLES:I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

USE 3 Single Duration

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year."EXAMPLES:I lived in Brazil for two years.Shauna studied Japanese for five years.They sat at the beach all day.We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.How long did you wait for them?We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habit in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear that we are talking about a habit we often use expressions such as "always," "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or "...when I was younger" in the sentence.EXAMPLES:I studied French when I was a child.He played the violin.She worked at the movie theater after school.They never went to school, they always skipped.

IMPORTANT "When clauses" happen first Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word when such as "When I dropped my pen..." or "When class began..." These clauses are called "when clauses" and they are very important. The examples below contain "when clauses."

EXAMPLES:When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.She answered my question, when I paid her one dollar.

"When clauses" are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing. First, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her a dollar.

EXAMPLE:I paid her a dollar, when she answered my question.



Past Continuous

FORM Past Continuous[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLES:I was studying when she called.I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking).

IMPORTANT

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word when such as "...when she called " or "...when it bit me." Clauses with the Past Continuous usually start with while. While expresses the idea "during the time." Study the examples below.

They have the same meaning.

EXAMPLES:I was studying when she called.While I was studying, she called.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

EXAMPLES:I was watching TV when she called.When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

EXAMPLES:Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous a specific time only interrupts the action.

EXAMPLES:Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner.(I started eating at 6 p.m.) Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.(I started earlier and at 6 p.m. I was in the process of eating dinner.)

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

EXAMPLES:I was studying while he was making dinner.While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere In English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the past.

EXAMPLE:When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as always or constantly expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words always or constantly between "be" and "verb+ing."

EXAMPLES:She was always coming to class late.He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed VerbsIt is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any "continuous" tenses. Also, certain "non-continuous" meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in "continuous" tenses. To express the idea of Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

EXAMPLES: Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct

Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct



Verb Tense Tutorial
Simple Past / Past Continuous

1. A: What (you, do)_______ when the accident occurred?
B: I (try)_______ to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

2. After I (find)_____ the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately)_______ to the police and (turn) it in.

3. The doctor (say)_____ that Tom (be)______ too sick to go to work and that he (need)_______ to stay at home for a couple of days.

4. Sebastian (arrive)_____________ at Susan's house a little before 9:00 pm, but she (be, not)________ there. She (study, at the library)______ for her final examination in French.

5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also)______ television. That's all she ever does!

6. A: I (call)______ you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) there. Where were you?
B: I (work)______ out at the fitness center.

7. When I (walk)______ into the busy office, the secretary (talk)______ on the phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily)______ at their desks, and two managers (discuss, quietly)________ methods to improve customer service.

8. I (watch)________ a mystery movie on T.V. when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends.

9. Sharon (be)_____ in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't hear anything because she (listen, not)___________ .

10. It's strange that you (call)______ because I (think, just)_______ about you.

11. The Titanic (cross)________ the Atlantic when it (strike)____________ an iceberg.

12. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily)_______ and (try)________ to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt)_______ for souvenirs. Some young boys (lead)_________ their donkeys through the narrow streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue)__________ over the price of a leather belt. I (walk)_________ over to a man who (sell)_______ fruit and (buy)_______ a banana.

13. The firemen (rescue)_______ the old woman who (be)_______ trapped on the third floor of the burning building.

14. She was so annoying! She (leave, always)___________ her dirty dishes in the sink. I think she (expect, actually)_________ me to do them for her.
15. Samantha (live)__________________ in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she (live)_______________ there when the Berlin wall came down

NOTA: Recuerden que esta guia de trabajo les ayudara a realizar el ejercicio planteado, además les servira como apoyo.